Clinical Interviewing

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Preface xiii
About The Authors xxi
Part One: Foundations of Clinical Interviewing 1
Chapter 1: An Introduction to The Clinical Interview 3
Learning Objectives 3
Chapter Orientation 3
Welcome to The Journey 3
What Is a Clinical Interview? 5
Clinical Interviewing versus Counseling and Psychotherapy 7
A Learning Model for Clinical Interviewing 13
Multicultural Competencies 17
Multicultural Humility 25
Summary 28
Suggested Readings and Resources 29
Chapter 2: Preparation 31
Learning Objectives 31
Chapter Orientation 31
The Physical Setting 31
Professional and Ethical Issues 38
Multicultural Preparation 55
Stress Management and Self-Care 65
Summary 68
Suggested Readings and Resources 68
Chapter 3: An Overview of the Interview Process 71
Learning Objectives 71
Chapter Orientation 71
Stages of a Clinical Interview 71
The Introduction 73
The Opening 84
The Body 90
The Closing 95
Ending The Session (Termination) 104
Summary 107
Suggested Readings and Resources 109
Part Two: Listening and Relationship Development 111
Chapter 4: Nondirective Listening Skills 113
Learning Objectives 113
Chapter Orientation 113
Listening Skills 113
Adopting a Therapeutic Attitude 114
Why Nondirective Listening Is Also Directive 123
The Listening Continuum in Three Parts 125
Nondirective Listening Behaviors: Skills for Encouraging Client Talk 126
Ethical and Multicultural Considerations 142
Not Knowing What to Say 145
Summary 146
Suggested Readings and Resources 147
Chapter 5: Directive Listening Skills 149
Learning Objectives 149
Chapter Orientation 149
Directive Listening Behaviors: Skills for Encouraging Insight 150
Ethical and Multicultural Considerations When Using Directive Listening Skills 175
Summary 178
Suggested Readings and Resources 179
Chapter 6: Skills for Directing Clients Toward Action 181
Learning Objectives 181
Chapter Orientation 181
Readiness to Change 181
Skills for Encouraging Action: Using Questions 184
Using Educational and Directive Techniques 192
Ethical and Multicultural Considerations When Encouraging Client Action 204
Summary 215
Suggested Readings and Resources 216
Chapter 7: Evidence-Based Relationships 217
Learning Objectives 217
Chapter Orientation 217
The Great Psychotherapy Debate 217
Carl Rogers’s Core Conditions 218
Other Evidence-Based Relationship Concepts 233
Evidence-Based Multicultural Relationships 250
Summary 253
Suggested Readings and Resources 254
Part Three: Structuring and Assessment 255
Chapter 8: Intake Interviewing and Report Writing 257
Learning Objectives 257
Chapter Orientation 257
What’s an Intake Interview? 257
Identifying, Evaluating, and Exploring Client Problems and Goals 259
Obtaining Background and Historical Information 267
Assessment of Current Functioning 276
Brief Intake Interviewing 280
The Intake Report 282
Do’s and Don’ts of Intake Interviews with Diverse Clients 298
Summary 300
Suggested Readings and Resources 301
Chapter 9: The Mental Status Examination 303
Learning Objectives 303
Chapter Orientation 303
What Is a Mental Status Examination? 303
Individual and Cultural Considerations 305
The Generic Mental Status Examination 308
When to Use Mental Status Examinations 340
Summary 342
Suggested Readings and Resources 342
Chapter 10: Suicide Assessment 345
Learning Objectives 345
Chapter Orientation 345
Facing The Suicide Situation 345
Suicide Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Warning Signs 348
Building a Theoretical and Research-Based Foundation 356
Suicide Assessment Interviewing 360
Suicide Interventions 380
Ethical and Professional Issues 385
Summary 389
Suggested Readings and Resources 390
Chapter 11: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 393
Learning Objectives 393
Chapter Orientation 393
Modern Diagnostic Classification Systems 393
Defining Mental Disorders 396
Diagnostic Interviewing 404
The Science of Clinical Interviewing: Diagnostic Reliability and Validity 406
Less Structured Diagnostic Clinical Interviews 409
Treatment Planning 415
Case Formulation and Treatment Planning: A Cognitive-Behavioral Example 423
Additional Cultural Modifications and Adaptations 427
Summary 428
Suggested Readings and Resources 430
Part Four: Special Populations and Situations 431
Chapter 12: Challenging Clients and Demanding Situations 433
Learning Objectives 433
Chapter Orientation 433
Challenging Clients 433
Motivational Interviewing and Other Strategies for Working Through Resistance 436
Assessment and Prediction of Violence and Dangerousness 451
Demanding Situations: Crisis and Trauma 456
Cultural Competencies in Disaster Mental Health 468
Summary 470
Suggested Readings and Resources 471
Chapter 13: Interviewing Young Clients 473
Learning Objectives 473
Chapter Orientation 473
Considerations in Working with Young Clients 473
The Introduction 475
The Opening 479
The Body of the Interview 490
Closing and Termination 503
Culture in Young Client Interviews 506
Summary 508
Suggested Readings and Resources 508
Chapter 14: Interviewing Couples and Families 511
Learning Objectives 511
Chapter Orientation 511
Challenges and Ironies of Interviewing Couples and Families 511
The Introduction 514
The Opening 522
The Body 528
Closing and Termination 540
Special Considerations 541
Diversity Issues 546
Summary 549
Suggested Readings and Resources 550
Chapter 15: Electronic and Telephonic Interviewing 553
Learning Objectives 533
Chapter Orientation 553
Technology as an Extension of the Self 554
Definition of Terms and Communication Modalities 557
Non-FtF Assessment and Intervention Research 561
Ethical and Practical Issues: Problems and Solutions 565
Conducting Online or Non-FtF Interviews 573
Multicultural Issues: Culture and Online Culture 575
Summary 576
Suggested Online Training Resources 577
Appendix: Extended Mental Status Examination Interview Protocol 579
References 589
Author Index 639
Subject Index 655