Engineering Economy: Global Edition

Engineering Economy is intended for use in undergraduate introductory courses in Engineering Economics Used by engineering students worldwide, this best-selling text provides a sound understanding of the principles, basic concepts, and methodology of engineering economy. Built upon the rich and time-tested teaching materials of earlier editions, it is extensively revised and updated to reflect current trends and issues, with an emphasis on the economics of engineering design throughout. It provides one of the most complete and up-to-date studies of this vitally important field. MyEngineeringLab for Engineering Economy is a total learning package that is designed to improve results through personalized learning. MyEngineeringLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program that truly engages students in learning. It helps students better prepare for class, quizzes, and exams-resulting in better performance in the course-and provides educators a dynamic set of tools for gauging individual and class progress. 

Preface xi Green Content xviii CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Engineering Economy 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The Principles of Engineering Economy 3 1.3 Engineering Economy and the Design Process 7 1.4 Using Spreadsheets in Engineering Economic Analysis 15 1.5 Try Your Skills 15 1.6 Summary 16 CHAPTER 2 Cost Concepts and Design Economics 20 2.1 Cost Terminology 21 2.2 The General Economic Environment 27 2.3 Cost-Driven Design Optimization 38 2.4 Present Economy Studies 43 2.5 Case Study-The Economics of Daytime Running Lights 49 2.6 Try Your Skills 51 2.7 Summary 52 Appendix 2-A Accounting Fundamentals 60 CHAPTER 3 Cost-Estimation Techniques 67 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 An Integrated Approach 70 3.3 Selected Estimating Techniques (Models) 78 3.4 Parametric Cost Estimating 83 3.5 Case Study-Demanufacturing of Computers 94 3.6 Electronic Spreadsheet Modeling: Learning Curve 96 3.7 Try Your Skills 98 3.8 Summary 100 CHAPTER 4 The Time Value of Money 107 4.1 Introduction 108 4.2 Simple Interest 109 4.3 Compound Interest 110 4.4 The Concept of Equivalence 110 4.5 Notation and Cash-Flow Diagrams and Tables 113 4.6 Relating Present and Future Equivalent Values 123 4.7 Relating a Uniform Series (Annuity) to Its Present and Future Equivalent 4.8 Summary of Interest Formulas and Relationships for Discrete Compounding 133 4.9 Deferred Annuities (Uniform Series) 135 4.10 Equivalence Calculations Involving Multiple Interest Formulas 137 4.11 Uniform (Arithmetic) Gradient of Cash Flows 143 4.12 Geometric Sequences of Cash Flows 148 4.13 Interest Rates that Vary with Time 153 4.14 Nominal and Effective Interest Rates 155 4.15 Compounding More Often than Once per Year 157 4.16 Interest Formulas for Continuous Compounding and Discrete Cash Flows 160 4.17 Case Study-Understanding Economic "Equivalence" 163 4.18 Try Your Skills 166 4.19 Summary 169 CHAPTER 5 Evaluating a Single Project 186 5.1 Introduction 187 5.2 Determining the Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) 188 5.3 The PresentWorth Method 189 5.4 The Future Worth Method 196 5.5 The Annual Worth Method 197 5.6 The Internal Rate of Return Method 202 5.7 The External Rate of Return Method 213 5.8 The Payback (Payout) Period Method 215 5.9 Case Study-A Proposed Capital Investment to Improve Process Yield 218 5.10 Electronic Spreadsheet Modeling: Payback Period Method 220 5.11 Try Your Skills 222 5.12 Summary 224 Appendix 5-A The Multiple Rate of Return Problem with the IRR Method 236 CHAPTER 6 Comparison and Selection among Alternatives 240 6.1 Introduction 241 6.2 Basic Concepts for Comparing Alternatives 241 6.3 The Study (Analysis) Period 245 6.4 Useful Lives Are Equal to the Study Period 247 6.5 Useful Lives Are Unequal among the Alternatives 264 6.6 Personal Finances 277 6.7 Case Study-Ned and Larry's Ice Cream Company 281 6.8 Postevaluation of Results 284 6.9 Project Postevaluation Spreadsheet Approach 284 6.10 Try Your Skills 287 6.11 Summary 291 CHAPTER 7 Depreciation and Income Taxes 308 7.1 Introduction 309 7.2 Depreciation Concepts and Terminology 309 7.3 The Classical (Historical) Depreciation Methods 312 7.4 The Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System 317 7.5 A Comprehensive Depreciation Example 326 7.6 Introduction to Income Taxes 330 7.7 The Effective (Marginal) Corporate Income Tax Rate 333 7.8 Gain (Loss) on the Disposal of an Asset 336 7.9 General Procedure for Making After-Tax Economic Analyses 337 7.10 Illustration of Computations of ATCFs 341 7.11 Economic Value Added 353 7.12 Try Your Skills 355 7.13 Summary 356 CHAPTER 8 Price Changes and Exchange Rates 368 8.1 Introduction 369 8.2 Terminology and Basic Concepts 370 8.3 Fixed and Responsive Annuities 376 8.4 Differential Price Changes 381 8.5 Spreadsheet Application 383 8.6 Foreign Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Concepts 385 8.7 Case Study-Selecting Electric Motors to Power an Assembly Line 390 8.8 Try Your Skills 393 8.9 Summary 394of Single Cash Flows 117 CHAPTER 9 Replacement Analysis 403 9.1 Introduction 404 9.2 Reasons for Replacement Analysis 404 9.3 Factors that Must Be Considered in Replacement Studies 405 9.4 Typical Replacement Problems 408 9.5 Determining the Economic Life of a New Asset (Challenger) 411 9.6 Determining the Economic Life of a Defender 415 9.7 Comparisons in Which the Defender's Useful Life Differs from that of the Challenger 418 9.8 Retirement without Replacement (Abandonment) 421 9.9 After-Tax Replacement Studies 422 9.10 Case Study-Replacement of a Hospital's Emergency Electrical Supply System 430 9.11 Summary 433 CHAPTER 10 Evaluating Projects with the Benefit-Cost Ratio Method 443 10.1 Introduction 444 10.2 Perspective and Terminology for Analyzing Public Projects 445 10.3 Self-Liquidating Projects 446 10.4 Multiple-Purpose Projects 446 10.5 Difficulties in Evaluating Public-Sector Projects 449 10.6 What Interest Rate Should Be Used for Public Projects? 450 10.7 The Benefit-Cost Ratio Method 452 10.8 Evaluating Independent Projects by B-C Ratios 458 10.9 Comparison of Mutually Exclusive Projects by B-C Ratios 460 10.10 Case Study-Improving a Railroad Crossing 465 10.11 Summary 467 CHAPTER 11 Breakeven and Sensitivity Analysis 475 11.1 Introduction 476 11.2 Breakeven Analysis 476 11.3 Sensitivity Analysis 483 11.4 Multiple Factor Sensitivity Analysis 489 11.5 Summary 493 CHAPTER 12 Probabilistic Risk Analysis 502 12.1 Introduction 503 12.2 Sources of Uncertainty 504 12.3 The Distribution of Random Variables 504 12.4 Evaluation of Projects with Discrete Random Variables 508 12.5 Evaluation of Projects with Continuous Random Variables 517 12.6 Evaluation of Risk and Uncertainty by Monte Carlo Simulation 522 12.7 Performing Monte Carlo Simulation with a Computer 526 12.8 Decision Trees 530 12.9 Real Options Analysis 535 12.10 Summary 538 CHAPTER 13 The Capital Budgeting Process 546 13.1 Introduction 547 13.2 Debt Capital 549 13.3 Equity Capital 550 13.4 TheWeighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) 553 13.5 Project Selection 557 13.6 Postmortem Review 561 13.7 Budgeting of Capital Investments and Management Perspective 562 13.8 Leasing Decisions 563 13.9 Capital Allocation 565 13.10 Summary 571 CHAPTER 14 Decision Making Considering Multiattributes 575 14.1 Introduction 576 14.2 Examples of Multiattribute Decisions 576 14.3 Choice of Attributes 578 14.4 Selection of a Measurement Scale 578 14.5 Dimensionality of the Problem 579 14.6 Noncompensatory Models 579 14.7 Compensatory Models 584 14.8 Summary 592 Appendix A Using Excel to Solve Engineering Economy Problems 598 Appendix B Abbreviations and Notation 615 Appendix C Interest and Annuity Tables for Discrete Compounding 619 Appendix D Interest and Annuity Tables for Continuous Compounding 638 Appendix E Standard Normal Distribution 642 Appendix F Selected References 645 Appendix G Solutions to Try Your Skills 648 Appendix H Answers to Selected Problems 660 Index 664