Turkey and the Soviet Union During World War II
Based on newly accessible Turkish archival documents, Onur Isci's study details the deterioration of diplomatic relations between Turkey and the Soviet Union during World War II. Turkish-Russian relations have a long history of conflict. Under Ataturk relations improved - he was a master 'balancer' of the great powers. During the Second World War, however, relations between Turkey and the Soviet Union plunged to several degrees below zero, as Ottoman-era Russophobia began to take hold in Turkish elite circles. For the Russians, hostility was based on long-term apathy stemming from the enormous German investment in the Ottoman Empire; for the Turks, on the fear of Russian territorial ambitions. This book offers a new interpretation of how Russian foreign policy drove Turkey into a peculiar neutrality in the Second World War, and eventually into NATO. Onur Isci argues that this was a great reversal of Ataturk-era policies, and that it was the burden of history, not realpolitik, that caused the move to the west during the Second World War.
Review: This book offers a long needed and captivating revision of Turkish foreign policy during the Second World War. Onur Isci deftly weaves a continent-spanning narrative and breaks new archival ground with rich details of Turkish diplomats' successful efforts to survive the catastrophes brought about by Soviet and Nazi aggression. * James Ryan, Associate Director of the Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies, New York University *
In Turkey and the Soviet Union During World War II, Onur Isci revolutionizes our understanding of Turkey's wartime strategy. So far from exploiting the "leverage of the neutral" to gain back territories lost in the First World War, as others have suggested, the truth is that Turkish statesmen, imperiled in every direction, used all their cunning simply to survive. This is a fascinating tale of intrigue, espionage, betrayals and double crosses. * Sean McMeekin, Francis Flournoy Professor of European History, Bard College *
The complexity of Turkey's international diplomacy, and in particular its relations with the United States and Russia, has always been lost amid Western hand-wringing over "losing Turkey." Onur Isci's deftly written, lucid historical work not only provides a meticulous account of Turkey's relationship with the Soviet Union, but an expansive and necessary history of early Turkish foreign policy in general. Turkey and the Soviet Union During WWII is a vital read for anyone trying to understand one of the world's most misunderstood regions. * Suzy Hansen, author of Notes on a Foreign Country *